Authors are strongly discouraged from withdrawing manuscripts once they have entered the publication process, including stages such as review, copyediting, and layout, as the journal has invested significant time and resources. Should authors still request withdrawal during this process, they are required to reimburse the journal an amount of IDR 200,000. This payment must be made upon official request via email to the Editor from the same address used during correspondence.

Editors will consider retracting a publication if there is clear evidence that:

• The findings are unreliable due to major errors (e.g., miscalculations or experimental mistakes), fabrication (e.g., falsified data), or falsification (e.g., manipulated images);

• The article constitutes plagiarism;

• The findings have been published previously without proper attribution, disclosure, or permission (redundant publication);

• The article contains unauthorized material or data;

• Copyright infringement or other serious legal issues (e.g., libel, privacy violations) are present;

• The research reported is unethical;

• The peer review process was compromised or manipulated;

• Authors failed to disclose major conflicts of interest that could affect the interpretation or review of the work.

Retraction notices will:

• Be linked to the retracted article in all online versions;

• Clearly identify the article being retracted (including title and authors);

• Be clearly labeled as a retraction, distinct from corrections or comments;

• Be published promptly to minimize negative impacts;

• Be freely accessible without subscription or access barriers;

• State who is retracting the article and the reasons for retraction;

• Be objective and factual, avoiding inflammatory language.

Retractions are generally not appropriate if:

• There is a dispute over authorship but the findings remain valid;

• The main conclusions are reliable and errors can be addressed by correction;

• Evidence for retraction is inconclusive or an investigation is pending;

• Conflicts of interest are reported post-publication but are unlikely to have influenced conclusions.

Editors may issue an expression of concern if:

• Evidence of research or publication misconduct is inconclusive;

• Findings appear unreliable but the authors’ institution will not investigate;

• Investigations are believed to be unfair, partial, or inconclusive;

• An investigation is ongoing but results will not be available soon.

Editors will consider issuing a correction if:

• Minor errors cause some parts of the publication to be misleading (especially honest mistakes);

• The author list is incorrect, such as omitted deserving authors or inclusion of undeserving individuals.

This policy follows guidelines from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).